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Lamp, lighting device, generally refers to a device that can illuminate. In ancient times, humans used torches for lighting, and later candles and lamps. In ancient times, "candle" is a kind of torch made of flammable materials, used to hold the torch has been lit, called candle; Put on the ground to light piles of grass and branches called singliao, singliao in the door of the big candle, the door is called the court singliao.
Where there is light, there is human civilization. For tens of thousands of years, humans have known how to use natural fires for warmth, grilling and lighting. More than 3,000 years ago, humans began to use simple lamps to carry candles and write the history of civilization. From rough lamp to bronze lamp, ceramic lamp to modern electric lamp, the historical change of lamps and lanterns has been marked with a profound brand of The Times, and is also the epitome of social economy and culture.
Candles and torches Kongmin light
When did the lamp and the word lamp originate? In the Western Zhou Dynasty, "candle" was a kind of torch made of flammable materials. It was used to hold the lit torch, which was called candle. Put on the ground to light piles of grass and branches called singliao, singliao in the door of the big candle, the door is called the court singliao.
The earliest existing torch lamps and lanterns in China came from the Warring States Period. In the Conjuring Spirits of Chu Ci, there is a record of "Lanji Ming candle, Hua stirrup is wrong", indicating that the name "stirrup" appeared in the Warring States period. In the zhou dynasty, "stirrup", ", "general," erya, release device ":" means dal beans, bamboo Bian means beans beans, bean who climb." Xu Xuan said: this custom do not make lamp, is not, Jin Guo Puyun: ritual utensil also.
The ancients called "stirrup" lamp, should be the meaning of the word. Bean is a food vessel for storing pickled vegetables and meat sauce in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. It is also a kind of ancient ritual vessel, mostly made of bronze and pottery. And THE POTTERY BEAN IS THE EARLIEST LAMPS THAT CAN SEE, IN THE GRAVE OF THE WARRING STATES, WE CAN SEE A KIND OF THIN POTTERY BEAN WITH * SHAPED PROTRUDATE IN THE CENTER OF THE PLATE THAT CAN INSERT THE WICK, IT IS THE LIGHTING APPLIANCE AT THAT TIME, ALSO IS ONE OF THE MAIN FORMS OF Chinese ANCIENT LAMPS.
From tracing the history of bean lamp, to understand the emergence of the word "stirrup", we can't help but see our ancestors' thinking and creativity in naming lamps and lanterns while creating light.
Lights evolved from beans
A small, potholed pottery bowl, supported by a handle at the bottom, is a piece of worthless pottery with no artistic value in the eyes of ordinary people due to its simple shape and rough workmanship. In the eyes of Qing Lijun, the owner of "Ten Thousand Lamp Houses", this is a treasure.
The lamp
"This is the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period 'bean', is the predecessor of the lamp." Qing Liejun played with it and explained. In the Age, people learned to use fire for heating, cooking, animal husbandry and, among other things, lighting. According to the unearthed oracle bone inscriptions, people used turpentine torches for lighting as early as the Yin and Shang Dynasties.
In the Zhou Dynasty, the use of bronze and pottery created conditions for the emergence of lamps and lanterns. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, lamps and lanterns used for lighting began to appear. Beans were the tools used for lighting at that time, and they were made in accordance with the shape of the food device at that time -- beans. In those days, people used bean fat as , put the bean fat in a small clay bowl, put a wick, and lit the light.
As can be seen from the ancient character "lamp", lamp is evolved from bean. In ancient books, it is recorded that the lamp comes from the bean, and the bean is called the climb. In many ancient TV series, the lighting tool is bean. "They should be beans with bronze vessels in them, but I haven't seen them yet.
Bronze was a status symbol at the time. According to the study of Lao Qing, the use of bronzes as lighting tools should be the right of aristocrats, and the crude pottery beans were probably used by ordinary people.
Modern lamps and lanterns
In modern times, humans developed electric light,
Before the advent of electric light, people commonly used lighting tools are kerosene lamp or gas lamp. Because this KIND OF LAMP BURNS KEROSENE OR gas, ACCORDINGLY, HAVE STRONG BLACK SMOKE AND punGENT stink, AND WANT TO OFTEN ADD , SCRUB LAMPshade, therefore VERY INCONVENIENT. What's more, this kind of lamp is easy to cause fire, leading to disaster. For years, many scientists have tried their best to invent a safe and convenient electric light.
In the early 19th century, a British chemist made the world's first arc lamp with 2,000 batteries and two charcoal rods. But this light is too strong, can only be installed in the street or square, ordinary homes can not use. Countless scientists have racked their brains to create an inexpensive, durable household light.
Floor lamp
The day has finally come. On October 21, 1879, an American inventor, through long trial and error, finally lit the world's first practical electric lamp. From then on, the inventor's name, like his invention of electric light, into thousands of households. He was later praised as the "King of invention" Edison.